Composite civil engineering structural systems comprising steel sections and reactive powder concrete (RPC) have been receiving greet attention over the past few years as a result of their excellent structural efficiency, long-term durability, and sustainability. Compared to normal concrete, the characteristics of RPC, represented by its ultra-high performance in compression and tension, possess superior improvement in the structural industry. This review systematically presents recent advancements in three primary systems: (1) Reactive powder concrete, focusing on its composition, mixing procedure and efforts made to adopt normal curing method, (2) Composite structures in general, and (3) Composite steel and RPC structures. Special attention is devoted to the last structural system, including the degree of connection provided by the shear connectors and the structural performance of composite RPC and steel sections.